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    Dulaglutide

    Molecular Note: Fc‑fusion protein without small‑molecule molecular formula；CAS：923950‑08‑7
    Basic Property: Dulaglutide is a recombinant fusion protein GLP‑1 agonist developed by Eli Lilly, designed for long‑term diabetic metabolic management.
    Structural Modification: Two DPP‑4‑resistant GLP‑1 analogues are covalently fused to human IgG4 Fc fragment; the Fc domain prolongs systemic half‑life to nearly 5 days via recycling through neonatal Fc receptor.
    Dosage Forms: Prefilled pen for once‑weekly subcutaneous injection; purified protein powder reserved for research experiments.
    Indications: Indicated for blood glucose control in adult type‑2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.
    Pharmacological Mechanism: Regulates islet hormone secretion in a glucose‑dependent pattern, slows intestinal nutrient absorption and lowers long‑term fasting blood glucose fluctuation, with mild auxiliary weight‑loss effect.
    Safety & Adverse Reactions: Mild gastrointestinal discomfort (diarrhea, dy

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    Molecular Formula：C225H348N48O68；CAS：2237882‑86‑7 Basic Property: Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP‑1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly, supplied as clinical injectable formulation and research‑grade lyophilized powder. Structural Modification: Altered amino‑acid sequence confers dual‑receptor affinity; C‑terminal fatty acid acylation achieves albumin binding and a 5‑day half‑life for once‑weekly dosing; structural mutation improves resistance to endogenous peptidase degradation. Dosage Forms: Once‑weekly subcutaneous prefilled injection pens (Mounjaro, Zepbound); bulk lyophilized powder exclusively for laboratory research. Indications: Approved for adult type‑2 diabetes treatment and chronic weight management for patients with BMI ≥30 or BMI≥27 accompanied by metabolic comorbidities. Pharmacological Mechanism: Co‑activates GIP and GLP‑1 pathways to improve insulin sensitivity, suppress appetite synergistically, reduce visceral adipose mass and ameliorate systemic insulin resistance.

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